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BEYOND FOSSIL FOOLS: Roadmap to Energy Independence By 2040 Taking into account current consumption rates, anticipated global population growth, and modest economic growth in Europe, North America, China, and India, then conventional oil will last less than 30 years, natural gas will run out in less than 50 years, and coal will last less than 100 years.
It is a Do-It-Yourself technology, specifically designed for beginners with no special tools and very limited budgets. A working system can be built at home with basic hand tools for $20-$100, installed in minutes and removed in seconds.
No modifications to the engine, computer or fuel injection systems, so any backyard mechanic can install it easily.
The technology is age old, over 91 years. All we've done is raise it from the dead and develop a simple structure based on low cost hardware. Although there is a myriad of hydrogen generating designs out there, ours is the simplest and also the safest for the beginner. The electrolyzer, bubbler and water reservoir have all been combined into one super-simple device.
Another advantage is the employment of coiled/spiraled electrode WIRES - rather than flat plates or spiraled plates. The magnetic vortex created by the coil assists water splitting, so we don't need as much power from the car's electrical system, thus simplifying the system even further and lowering its cost.
Three major factors work together to cause water splitting: direct current flowing through the electrode wires to the water, the magnetic vortex created by the shape of the electrodes, and the vacuum provided by the engine itself.
The effects of this technology is lowered emissions and improved mileage, simply due to a MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION. Today's internal combustion engines suffer from poor efficiency of 20%-25%, as any mechanic will tell you; 75%-80% of the gasoline, instead of being converted to forward motion, is instead converted to pollution and carbon deposits (unburned fuel), as well as heat (global warming), vibration and noise (knocking/pinging).
THE MAIN PROBLEM IS OVERSIZED FUEL DROPLETS IN THE MIXTURE. The Hydrogen, being such a small particle, hits a droplet, cuts it into smaller droplets and attaches itself to the smaller droplets. Now the finer, hydrogen-enhanced mixture, is capable of burning more thoroughly.
On top of improved performance, the engine steam-cleans itself every day, and the resulting effect is smoother and quieter operation. One of our staff was shocked when she checked her engine oil and was sure that her oil ran totally out. Actually what happened was that while she was expecting dark brown, dirty oil, the oil was actually so transparent that she could not see it on the dip stick. Her 20-year-old car is as smooth now (with our device on) as it was when she bought it 17 years ago.
Another lady "complained" that she could not hear the engine running...but to her surprise the car was still moving along.
Our technology is not capable of running a car on water alone. Our aim is not to replace gasoline but to enhance it - and open the door and the mind to the possibilities of waterfuel technology. With correct fine tuning we can double the mileage, rendering a new energy balance: half gasoline, half water. Very little water is used, in an economy car it's around 2700 miles per gallon of distilled water, together with 4-6 teaspoons of household baking soda as catalyst. We have demonstrated many times that the fuel consumption of a 4-stroke generator can also be cut in half with our technology.
Not all cars, loads and driving conditions will gain the same, obviously. For ethical reasons we do not build up expectations for more than 10%-50% improvement in fuel economy, however we are getting daily success stories from experimenters who are seeing gains of 80%-100% in various vehicles. For some, significant economy gains inflict a revelation that something can be done about it, while for others it's a life changing factor.
We sell books that teach EVERYTHING about the technology and how to manufacture it, as well as sponsoring a f'ree marketplace where sellers and buyers of actual systems can find each other and trade without interference and without any fees paid to us. Like in the Golden Age of Greece - no police, very little government.
At the time of writing we have more than 3200 satisfied customers, over 400 registered independent manufacturers/installers, and an unknown number of affiliates promoting us all over the world. 85%-90% of our sales occur via affiliates, and more are joining due to the generous 50% commission rate and the skyrocketing popularity of the product and the technology.
All in all, Water4Gas has become a buzzword for practicality and affordability. Our policy is to guide the readers toward a mindset of an experimenter rather than a driver that takes things for granted. We teach them that something can be done about gas prices, pollution and global warming, and they gladly take an active role and help to spread the word.
At the time of writing the technology is only for gasoline and diesel cars and trucks. However many of our experimenters are working on adaptations to propane/LPG/CNG propelled vehicles, as well as boats and other applications such as stationary generators.
We're getting daily requests from business people around the world, as well as inventors inspired by our success, requesting that we work with them to advance their goals and purposes. We help as much as we can, including bridging the gap between investors and inventors, as well as between inventors/developers seeking to complement their technologies with supporting ones (such as a bridge we've created between an English fuel cell and an American pure-hydrogen generator).
Thus Water4Gas has emerged and evolved in one year from a small home-based business to become a global junction for waterfuel technologies, inspiration and leadership.
XsunX,Inc. (OTCBB:XSNX) is a thin-film photovoltaic “TFPV” company that has spent the last three years in focused research with a photovoltaic material called Amorphous Silicon. During this time we have developed the technical capabilities, qualified core staff, and market understanding to take our technology to market. The products that we intend to mass produce are amorphous silicon solar modules on glass panels.
We have focused on the development of thin film amorphous technologies and products due to inherent advantages of amorphous silicon over other solar absorbers. Amorphous silicon requires less incident light to begin working which means that an amorphous solar module can begin to produce power earlier in the day and later into the evening than other technologies. Amorphous silicon also exhibits less thermal coefficient effects when operating in hot climates. This means that the power conversion properties of an amorphous solar cell continue to exhibit near 100% potential while other thin film and conventional silicon wafer technologies degrade at significant rates approaching 20% conversion loss potential when operating at normal temperatures of 65 degrees centigrade.
Solar Module Production
To deliver our products we have begun to build a multi-megawatt TFPV solar module production facility in the United States to meet the growing demand for solar cell products used in large scale commercial projects, utility power fields, and other on-grid applications. Employing a phased roll out of production capacity, we plan to grow our manufacturing capacities to over 100 megawatts by 2010.
Researchers admit it would be decades
before hydrogen power and its infrastructure are as commonplace as refineries
and gas stations
What makes hydrogen an
energy tool?
The most common element in the universe, hydrogen has the highest
energy content per unit weight of any known fuel. Yet it never occurs by
itself in nature - it always combines with other elements such as oxygen
(for water) and carbon (for fossil fuels).
Once separated, hydrogen is the ultimate clean energy carrier. It can
be non-polluting, is as safe as gasoline and can be produced anywhere.
NASA's space shuttles use hydrogen-powered fuel cells to operate electrical
systems and the key emission, water, is consumed by the crew.
How is hydrogen produced?
It can be extracted from any substance with hydrogen: water,
fossil fuels and even some organic matter.
Almost all of the 40 million tons of hydrogen used worldwide today comes
from natural gas though a process called reforming. Natural gas is made
to react with steam, producing hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen
is then used to make ammonia for fertilizer, in refineries to make reformulated
gasoline, and in the chemical, food and metals industries.
This is the cheapest way to make hydrogen today and is likely the way
we will make hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles in the near future. Hydrogen
also can be made from coal in a similar process where the coal is reacted
with steam. Either way, though, the process releases carbon dioxide, a
gas tied to global warming.
Carbon-free methods involve splitting water into its component parts
of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O).
Electrolysis uses an electric current to separate water into hydrogen
and oxygen. The electric current has to itself be produced, and the easiest
but least efficient way is via some fossil fuel. The holy grail of hydrogen
is to use a renewable source like solar, wind, hydro, geothermal or biomass
power to create the current, making the process pollution free and sustainable.
Heat or electricity from a nuclear power plant could also be used to
split water, but that path still faces nuclear waste and security issues.
Future possibilities include using the power of ocean waves to generate
electricity and microorganisms that could be adapted to produce hydrogen.
How much water would
we need if we got hydrogen that way?
Actually, not that much compared to what we already use. If
we converted the current U.S. light-duty fleet (some 230 million vehicles)
to fuel cell vehicles we would need about 310 billion gallons of water
per year. Domestic water use is about 4.8 trillion gallons per year, and
70 trillion gallons a year are used for thermoelectric power generation.
Interestingly enough, the refinery industry uses about 300 billion gallons
of water a year to produce gasoline.
How do fuel cells fit in the
hydrogen picture?
Fuel cells are often compared to batteries. Both convert the
energy produced by a chemical reaction into usable electric power. However,
the fuel cell will produce electricity as long as fuel (hydrogen) is supplied,
never losing its charge.
And while hydrogen could be used to run an internal combustion
engine, fuel cells are inherently 2-3 times more efficient – in the case
of a car; that means they can get 2-3 times the mileage.
Like batteries, fuel cells’ performance declines over time
and they have to be replaced. The goals for fuel cells are 5,000 hours
of operation for transportation (representing about 150,000 miles) and
40,000 hours (about 5 years) for stationary applications. Some fuel cell
technologies can match the stationary needs for 40,000 hours, but we are
only about a third of the way there for vehicles, a much more demanding
application.
What's holding up widescale
production?
Cost is the biggest impediment. Electricity is required by
many hydrogen production methods, which so far makes hydrogen more expensive
than the fuels it would replace. With cars, gasoline is still easier to
store than hydrogen, which needs to be compressed or kept at very cold
temperatures.
In addition, an infrastructure would have to be built, and
paid for, in order to produce, transport and store large quantities of
hydrogen.
Wouldn't we run out
of oxygen and see excess water vapor?
No. Producing hydrogen produces and consumes oxygen in the
same ratio.
As for water vapor, burning gasoline already does that, though
fuel cell vehicles produce about twice as much per mile. This is still
a relatively small amount compared to what is already in the atmosphere
naturally, and a tiny amount compared to what is being added by global
warming.
How much does hydrogen
cost?
Most of the hydrogen produced today is consumed on site, such
as at an oil refinery, where it costs 32 cents a pound.
When hydrogen is sold on the market, the cost of liquefying and transporting
it to the user increases the price to $1-1.40 a pound.
A pound of hydrogen has a bit less energy than a half gallon of gasoline.
Is hydrogen safe and
didn't it cause the Hindenburg disaster?
In general, hydrogen is neither more nor less inherently hazardous
than gasoline, propane, or methane.
As for the Hindenburg, a recent study found the paint used on the blimp's
skin was to blame since it contained the same component as rocket fuel.
An electrical discharge ignited the skin. While the hydrogen gas used to
float the blimp did ignite, it burned upward and away from the people on
board and actually provided a slow, safe descent for those who stayed on
board.
Don’t you lose a lot
of energy when you make hydrogen?
Indeed, all energy systems lose energy (an average coal plant
loses 70 percent of the energy in the coal), so we need to think very carefully
about where we are going to get this energy. The sun could be the answer.
Think about it for a minute and you’ll realize that we are all solar powered
- the food we eat for our energy ultimatellyy comes from plants converting
solar energy to carbohydrates with an efficiency of about 1 percent. Of
course, by the time the food hits the table the efficiency is much lower,
probably around 0.1 percent. Current commercial solar cells can convert
solar energy with an efficiency of more than 15 percent.
If we take that energy and make hydrogen and then use that hydrogen
in a fuel cell vehicle, the overall efficiency of sunlight to vehicle power
is about 4 percent. So using hydrogen from sunlight, we can drive ourselves
around with an efficiency of at least 40 times greater than we can walk.
How much is hydrogen from
renewables going to cost?
With today’s technologies using electricity from wind, hydrogen
would cost between 3 and 5 times that of gasoline. In Europe, where gasoline
is already 3 to 5 times higher than the U.S. prices, hydrogen represents
a cost-competitive fuel and with the higher efficiency of fuel cell vehicles,
a strong possibility as an alternative fuel.
Can’t I put water in
my tank – it’s got hydrogen in it?
Water is not an energy carrier like hydrogen and gasoline.
You have to take the water and add energy to split it into hydrogen and
oxygen. The hydrogen then becomes a fuel, because it now carries that energy
that you added. When that hydrogen reacts with the oxygen in the air it
releases that stored energy and you can use that to move the car. So if
you wanted to use water as a “fuel” you would have to have two power plants
in your car, one to make the hydrogen and one to run your vehicle. Better
to make the hydrogen separately and just fill your car with energy.
How about putting solar
cells on the roof of my car?
Our cars take a lot of energy and while there is a lot of energy
in sunlight, the rooftop of your car does not have enough area. For an
average car you’d need something like the size of a football field – not
very practical.
The 5,282 square mile Wilkins Ice Shelf is collapsing in another grim sign of global warming. The ice shelf which has floated in the Antarctic region for hundreds of years is succumbing to recent rises in temperature in the area--an average of 0.9 degrees Fahrenheit every 10 years for the last 50 years.
This series of pictures that show the beginning of the breakup were taken by NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor, which flies on its Earth Observing System Aqua and Terra satellites.
I want to dedicate this page to:
F. Sherwood (Sherry) Rowland
chemist, Nobel laureate
Born: June 28, 1927 Birthplace: Delaware, Ohio
Roland's early work was on the chemistry of radioactive atoms. Branching out, in 1973, he and Mario Molina began researching chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), then widely used in refrigerators, spray cans, and cleaning solvents. They discovered that the release of CFCs could destroy the ozone layer in the stratosphere, allowing more ultraviolet light to get through to Earth and potentially increasing the rate of skin cancer. Their efforts led to CFC production being banned in most countries, and they received the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
What makes hydrogen an
energy tool?
